tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9506047831986952892024-02-19T19:39:11.012+11:00Paul on PiusPaul O'Shea is an Australian based historian who has written on Pope Pius XII and Catholic responses to the Holocaust for over fifteen years. This blog is designed to be a place of balanced and reliable scholarship on Pius XII and his papacy during World War II and the Holocaust.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger691125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-84143834686627233262017-07-30T19:28:00.000+10:002017-07-30T19:28:04.042+10:00ADSS 1.280 Maglione notes: situation with L'Osservatore Romano<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">\ADSS 1.280 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 3215/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 10.04.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Dino Alfieri, Italian ambassador, complains about the attitude of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore Romano</i> which is promoting
peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maglione defended the Holy See’s
position and its freedom of expression.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Italian Ambassador, on behalf of Count Ciano, and therefor of Mussolini, tells
me that in many parts of Italy demonstrations and speeches in favour of peace
are held in the churches, probably on the Vatican’s instructions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Such
demonstrations, in these days in which political events develop with a
tremendous speed and while the Government tries to prepare peoples’ minds to be
ready for possible developments, appear to be a peace at any price attitude in
contrast with Government policy, which follows the vents with vigilant concern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">L’Osservatore Romano</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, a much read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Italian</i> paper, follows a different
policy from that of the Italian Press in general; it should be more moderate in
its statements and less long-winded and more impartial in reporting war news.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To
these statements, the substance of which I have just reported, I replied as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Please
inform Count Ciano:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1.
that the Holy See has not given instructions to intensify the alleged
demonstrations in favour of peace, either directly or through the Bishops;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">2.
that there is no need to suppose that instructions have been given to explain
the prayers and the desire for peace and tranquillity for which the yearning of
the people increases every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
desire for peace is very deep and widespread in Italy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is very natural, and it should have been
foreseen, that this eager desire for peace should not be expressed in more
frequent appeals and prayers for peace – now that everybody – none excepted –
see the rapidly growing danger of war;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">3.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore Romano</i>, although
printed in Italian is an organ of the Holy See, and cannot be confused with the
Italian newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If, at the present
time, it expresses different opinions from those of the Italian papers as the
Ambassador confirms it is not because the paper has changed its policy, but
only because lately the Italian newspapers are trying to inflame public
opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not discuss this
phenomenon: I leave the responsibility for this to the people who have decided
on this policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I must draw
attention to the fact the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore
Romano</i> cannot follow the other newspapers on the line of thought which has
been imposed on them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
have always advised <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore</i> to
be prudent, objective and moderate in its articles and in reporting the
news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have no difficulty repeating
this advice, as I do from time to time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">But
it would be well to reflect for a moment on the fact that if it is a duty for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore</i> to follow its own policy
this also is in in the interest of Italy:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L’Osservatore Romano</i> will be
recognised everywhere, and especially abroad, as the true, impartial, serene,
independent organ of the Holy See: only under these conditions could it say, if
necessary, a word of truth and justice in favour of Italy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As
he took his leave, the Ambassador wanted to assure me that Count Ciano will
continue <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">his action.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-14655514700454459712017-07-30T19:25:00.001+10:002017-07-30T19:25:40.137+10:00ADSS 1.279 Maglione to Giobbe: no news on a German invasion<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.279 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, to Paolo Giobbe,
Netherlands.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Telegram 17 (AES 3068/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 10.04.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Holy See has no information about an imminent invasion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Coded
telegram 49 received (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No news here
regarding imminent invasion of Holland, although future danger cannot be
excluded (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
ADSS 1.278.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
Germany invaded Denmark and Norway on 08-09.04.1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Denmark surrendered on 10.04.1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-70728739921552517422017-07-30T19:24:00.001+10:002017-07-30T19:24:18.101+10:00ADSS 1.278 Giobbe to Maglione: German attack imminent?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.278 Paolo Giobbe, Hague (1), to Luigi Malgione, Sec
State</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Telegram 26 (AES 3068/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: The Hague, 09.04.1940 (arrived Rome 10.04.1940)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Request for information about an imminent German attack against
Holland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Events
which have taken place lately, and news received, trouble this Government
which, fearing imminent invasion by German troops has taken serious and urgent
measures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the supposition that the
Holy See is able to give some information about this supposed threat, this
Government asks me to address myself to Your Eminence for advice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please telegraph reply (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Paolo Giobbe (1880-1972) Internuncio to the Netherlands 1935-58.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
Pasquale Diana (1890-1970) Italian Ambassador to The Hague, 1938-40, commented
on 11.04.1940 of the unease of Dutch political circles in the wake of the
German invasion of Norway on 08-09/04.1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>DDI, Series 9, Volume 4, n47, pp33-34.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-86570531011519652282017-07-30T19:20:00.000+10:002017-07-30T19:20:34.965+10:00ADSS 1.277 Notes of Giovanni Montini, Secretariat of State: news from France<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.277 Giovanni Montini, Secretariat of State, notes.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 3316/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 08.04.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: French Ambassador, Charles-Roux (1), has given assurance of the good
intentions of the French government to the Holy See; but he has noticed a
change in the Italian attitude; France prepared to negotiate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internal situation in France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">His
Excellency Charles-Roux, French Ambassador to the Holy See, returning to Rome
after a short stay in Paris, says that he has see the Prime Minister, M Reynaud
(2), who had assured him about the keeping of good relations with the Holy See
and about ecclesiastical affairs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
brings news about Cardinal Verdier who has had an operation and must shortly
have a second one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His condition however
is good and there is no cause for alarm (3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Regarding
the political situation he also noticed a stiffening of tone in the Italian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Press;
and he mentions particularly, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Regime
Fascista</i> which published a violent leader against France (02.04.1940) and
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Popolo d’Italia</i>, no less
insulting but with more authority (05.04.1940).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He states that France is still ready to negotiate and to make a
distinction between Fascism and Nazism, while Italy seems hostile to any
discussion: Italy must already be planning to obtain from a vanquished or
exhausted France those advantages which it is unable to obtain now through
negotiations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To my remark that the
proofs of the good intentions of France towards Italy are not well know to
Italian public opinion, the Ambassador agrees that France would do well to
clarify these good intentions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">On
the Government position: the Radicals are convinced that they have made a
mistake in overthrowing their leader, Daladier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It would be more logical, in fact, for the Socialists to join forces now
with the other parties in an effort to get rid of Communism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He believes that the Socialists will be more
loyal to the nation’s interests than to the interest of their Party (5).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Francois Charles-Roux (1879-1961), French Ambassador to the Holy See 1932-40.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
Paul Reynaud (1878-1966), French Prime Minister, March-June 1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
Jean Verdier (1864-1940), Cardinal Archbishop of Paris 1929-40.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Verdier died the following day, 09.04.1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(4)
Edouard Daladier (1884-1970), French Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
1938-40.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(5)
Compare this with the message of Raffaele Guariglia (1889-1970) Italian
Ambassador in Paris 1937-40. See DDI, Series 9, Volume 4, n47, pp 33-34.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-82166398298018078792017-07-30T19:10:00.000+10:002017-07-30T19:10:08.704+10:00ADSS 1.276 Notes of the Secretariat of State on the meeting between Hitler and Mussolini March 1940<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.276 Secretariat of State Office, notes (1).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2892/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 04.04.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Information about the 18.03.1940 meeting between Mussolini and Hitler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitler asked Mussolini to send 60 divisions
to the French border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mussolini agreed
to enter the war in August.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italian
government is divided.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ciano defends
neutrality but his position is difficult.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">There
are two minutes on the Brenner meeting, one in Italian and the other in German,
and they report the entire discussions with the exception of the conversation
between Mussolini and Hitler which tool place without witnesses (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M[ussolini]
repeated three times: “We are ready to march with you”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first time H[itler] did not
understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(M speaks German, but the
bodyguard interpreter whom H always takes along with him and whose name the
writer does not remember, was also present) (3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">H
proposed that Italy should send 60 divisions to the French frontier, not to
fight, but only to force France to shift part of their forces and in this way
to weaken their defences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
this plan the offensive would start on the Dutch frontier on 15 April.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M
did not agree (it is possible however, that the German may go it alone).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Nevertheless
M and H have agreed that Italy should enter the war by the beginning of
August.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italy is short of many things,
for example anti-aircraft guns, but in Munich 100 batteries are being
assembled, ready to be sent to Italy and already 20 have arrived. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
tightening of the British blockade at this moment could hasten Italy’s entry
into the war, perhaps by June.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
blockade is a measure which M cannot tolerate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ciano
has called the members of his Cabinet and told them that he no longer controls
the course of events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the other hand
the position of Ciano could be shaken any moment, if M felt that is carrying
out a personal policy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M
would appoint him Minister of the Interior, to take him away from the Foreign
Office.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
the beginning of the war M had a crisis of depression lasting a few months, as
at the time of the Matteotti affair, but he has now regained full activity (4).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Some
are afraid that with C[iano] as Chief of Police there is a danger of a revolt
in Italy, as the people are against war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>M, however, does not worry about the internal situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Anfuso
(5) will be sent as Ambassador to Berlin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Magistrati has quarrelled with C on private matters; for this reason he
has been sent to Sofia (6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M
told H: “Do not become more involved with Russia because Italy wants nothing to
do with Communism; and this could engager German Italian union”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">On
M’s side are: Buffarini, Renato Ricci, Starace (7): all the others, and in
particular the Service Ministers, stand by C – Cavagnari was with C in China
when he was Charge d’Affaires (8). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A
month ago C was candidate for M’s succession, and this could have happened at
any moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those days Prince Umberto
came to Rome and for a week he dined with C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The King sent Acquarone around the various Ministries to obtain
information, and sent the same Acquarone (9) to C to tell him “it was not ripe”
(this phrase has never been explained).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">But
now M has regained strength and controls decisions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Alfieri
is not regarded as much of an Ambassador; he does not send reports, while
Pignatti (10) sent at least a short telegram a day to give information about
the Vatican’s mood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alfieri sent a
report on his audience with the Holy Father after R[ibbentrop]’s visit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among other things he wrote he said: The Holy
Father told me that having asked R about some political matters he replied that
he did not know very much about them, because the affairs of state are
personally directed by H (11).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">C
has a personal liking for the Russian Charge d’Affaires and although he is no
longer received at the Palazzo Chigi they still meet on the golf course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This man has large sums of money at his
disposal and gets all he wants in the Ministries, and is very well informed. He
has been occupying this position since the time when the Ambassador, owing to
hostile demonstrations at the time of the attack on Finland, left in a great
hurry, without even calling on the King, with whom he had an appointment (12).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On that occasion, though very few people knew
about it, there was even demonstrations of sympathy in front of the Finnish
Legation and the Minister carried around in triumph. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">M
did not trust Welles because he had the impression that Welles came here for
personal reasons, that is, to become Foreign Minister, after the next
presidential election.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Domenico Tardini wrote at the top of the Note: “Give to me by His Eminence on
03.03.1941”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is reasonable to assume
the note had originally been sent to Maglione who passed it to Tardini, even though
there is nearly a year between the composition of the Note and its arrival on
Tardini’s desk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
Compare this with ADSS 1.272 n2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
are major differences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
Possibly Eugen Dollmann (1900-1985) who had worked as a translator for
different Nazi leaders from 1934.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
held the SS rank of Obersturmbannfuhrer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(4)
Giacomo Matteotti (1885-1924) was an outspoken anti-fascist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was murdered on 10.06.1924 after
publishing<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> The Fascists </i>Exposed and publically
denouncing electoral fraud in the Italian parliament. Mussolini was widely
presumed to have had some involvement whoever peripheral, but there was
insufficient evidence to prove it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(5)
Filippo Anfuso (1901-1963), Foreign Ministry Chief of Staff 1938-42. He was not
sent to Berlin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(6)
Massimo Magistrati (1899-1971) Counsellor at the Italian Embassy Berlin
1933-40; transferred to Sofia 1940-43. He married Ciano’s sister Maria in 1930
(died 1939).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(7)
Guido Buffarini (1895-1945) Italian Minister of the Interior 1940-43; Renato
Ricci (1896-1956) Italian Minister of Corporations 1939-43; Achille Starace
(1889-1945) former Fascist Party Secretary 1931-39, Chief of Staff for the
Blackshirts 1940-43.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(8)
Service Ministers most likely refers to the chiefs of Italy’s armed forces.
Domenico Cavagnari (1876-1966), Chief of Staff of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Regia Marina</i> (Italian Royal Navy) 1934-40. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(9)
Pietro d’Acquarone (1890-1948), Duke and Master of the Royal House 1934-1944.
He often acted as an intermediary for King Vittorio Emanuele and was known to
be sympathetic to anti-Fascists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
later played a role in the dismissal of Mussolini in 1943.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(10)
Dino Alfieri (1886-1966), Italian Ambassador to the Holy See 1939-40; Bonafacio
Pignatti (1877-1957), Italian Ambassador to the Holy See 1935-39.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(11)
See DDI, Series 9, Volume 3, n536, p467.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to Alfieri, Ribbentrop replied that he did not know anything
and that he was not competent, but not that it was Hitler who directed all the
affairs of State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(12)
Leon Helfand (1900-1961), Soviet Charge d’Affaires in Rome 1935-40 (he defected
to the United States a few months later where he became Leon Moore); Boris
Shtein (1892-1961), Soviet Ambassador to Italy 1935-39.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-18767124195374735512017-07-23T20:42:00.000+10:002017-07-23T20:42:04.861+10:00Vatican Commission agrees to disagree on Stepanic<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <a href="http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/vatican-commission-agrees-to-disagree-on-cardinal-stepinac-44160/" target="_blank">Catholic News Agency </a>reported on 18 July, on the latest meeting of the international historical commission set up in 2016 to examine the war-time record of Aloysius Stepinac (1898-1960), Archbishop of Zagreb 1937-60. Readers may remember an <a href="https://paulonpius.blogspot.com.au/2016/09/aloysius-stepanic-to-canonise-or-not-to.html" target="_blank">earlier post</a> about the commission and some of the areas of concern expressed. The outcome of this meeting does not appear to have resolved the areas of greatest concern, namely Stepinac's action or inaction regarding the genocidal behaviour of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ustaše </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">regime in war-time Croatia although the Serbian Orthodox delegation <a href="http://www.total-croatia-news.com/politics/20468-the-stepinac-commission-finishes-work" target="_blank">praised Pope Francis</a> for the opportunity to meet and discuss the Archbishop's life and legacy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reaction to the commission's work has been generally positive, though some in Croatia have raised fears that the Serbian Orthodox Synod has presented a <a href="http://www.total-croatia-news.com/politics/14895-catholic-church-responds-to-serbian-orthodox-church-s-allegations-on-stepinac" target="_blank">distorted picture</a> of Stepinac. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The CNA article:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />A commission of Catholic and Orthodox leaders tasked with examining the wartime record of Bl. Aloysius Stepinac concluded their final session last week, agreeing to disagree about the Croatian cardinal’s cause for canonization.<br /><br />The Secretariat of the Holy See prepared a joint statement, adopted by both sides, at the conclusion of the commission’s sixth and final round of meetings at the Vatican July 12-13.<br /><br />The document states that the opinions of either side remain unchanged, but also acknowledges that ultimately the competency for approval of the cardinal’s cause falls under Pope Francis.<br /><br />“It has come to the conclusion that various events, speeches, writings, silences, and views are still subject to different interpretations. In the case of Cardinal Stepinac, the interpretations that were predominantly given by Catholic Croats and Orthodox Serbs remain divergent,” it states.<br /><br />It included their thanks to Pope Francis for establishing the commission, which he did in May 2016 after receiving a letter from the Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church Irinej, who stated his opposition to the cardinal's canonization.<br /><br />They also expressed their gratitude for the atmosphere of the discussions which allowed “full freedom of expression.”<br /><br />“From the commencement of the commission's work, the members were aware that the process of canonization of Cardinal Stepinac was in the exclusive competence of the Pope. They also admit that each Church has its own criteria for the canonization process,” it continued.<br /><br />The Secretariat of the Holy See, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, accepted the outcome of the commission, which was led by Fr. Bernard Ardura, president of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences.<br /><br />With the conclusion of the commission, the path to the canonization of Cardinal Stepinac is fully open. The proper requisites in place, it is in the hands of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, and then will go to Pope Francis for approval. It is believed the announcement of his canonization could take place soon.<br /><br />Cardinal Stepinac, who is hailed as a hero in Croatia, has been a target of decades-long communist smears and disinformation. Despite this, he was beatified as a martyr by Pope St. John Paul II in October 1998.<br /><br />Many in the Serbian Orthodox community are deeply skeptical of the cardinal's wartime record. Though one researcher of the period says the facts counter false claims about the beatified cardinal's record.<br /><br />“What you have is a false narrative created by Soviet agents,” Prof. Ronald J. Rychlak told CNA/EWTN News in 2016.<br /><br />Cardinal Stepinac was the Archbishop of Zagreb from 1937 until his death in 1960 at the age of 61. In Yugoslavia during the Second World War, the pro-Nazi Ustashe movement came to power under leader Ante Pavelic after the Axis occupied the country.<br /><br />“Stepinac's sermons against the Ustashe were so strong. They prohibited them from being published, because they were so strong against the Ustashe,” Rychlak said. Instead, his words were secretly printed and circulated and occasionally broadcast over the radio.<br /><br />He also severely condemned the Ustashe’s destruction of Zagreb’s main synagogue in 1941 and in an October 1943 homily, the archbishop condemned notions of racial superiority.<br /><br />In 1946, Stepinac was put on trial for allegedly collaborating with the Ustashe’s crimes. The trial drew critical coverage from Western media like Time and Newsweek and protests from those who saw it as a show trial.<br /><br />Archbishop Stepinac was denied effective representation and only met with his attorney for an hour before the trial. The government’s witnesses were told what to say, and the archbishop was not allowed to cross-examine them.<br /><br />In 1953, Pope Pius XII made him a cardinal, although he was never allowed travel to the Holy See to be officially elevated. He died in 1960 of an alleged blood disorder, which was said to have been caused by the conditions he endured in jail. Recent tests of his remains by Vatican investigators show evidence he was also poisoned.<br /><br />In June 2011 Pope Benedict XVI praised Cardinal Stepinac as a courageous defender of those oppressed by the Ustashe, including Serbs, Jews and gypsies.<br /><br />He said the cardinal stood against “the dictatorship of communism, where he again fought for the faith, for the presence of God in the world, the true humanity that is dependent on the presence of God.”</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-13659107126518729042017-07-17T20:45:00.000+10:002017-07-17T20:45:43.390+10:00ADSS 1.275 Pacini to Maglione: Glos Polski incident<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS
1.275 Alfredo Pacini, Charge d’affaires, Polish Nunciature, Angers, France, to
Luigi Maglione, Sec State.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Reference: Report 21/40 (AES
3267/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Location and date: Angers,
02.04.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Summary statement: Members
of the Polish government condemn the article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i> and precautions have been taken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pope’s concern for Poland has been mentioned
in many official statements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language: Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I reply with some delay to
message 2476/40, regarding the article of the Polish newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i> (Voice of Poland) – on the
visit of the German Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Vatican (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The delay is due, in part, to the slow nature
of the Polish people, who always say <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jutro</i>,
“tomorrow”, and partly to the scattered location of the various offices and of
responsible people who reside anywhere between Paris and Angers and are
difficult to meet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">And now, here is what I
report to Your Eminence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is printed in
Paris, where all its writers and editors live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The paper is in contact with the Propaganda Ministry – a beehive of
ultranationalist elements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of
these contacts and also because the paper prints public notices about
Government officials and audiences of the Polish President, it has gained a
sort of semi-official character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover, in Paris the Polish writers often meet the French newspapermen
with left wing tendencies: this explains the tinge of certain opinions and
feelings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">As soon as I arrived in
Angers I Immediately considered what would be the best way to call the
attention of the Government to the article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I
found a very different climate here than the one I noticed in Paris and the
article either had not been noticed or had already been censured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The Polish papers, of which a considerable
number are published, are read very little by the Polish people themselves, who
prefer the French papers, even when they only have a little knowledge of this
language).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The first person to be
surprised when I spoke to him about it, was the Foreign Minister as I had the
honour to mention in my report 14/40 of 19 March (2)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the article – he said – “has escaped me and I
am very sorry, because all of us here are convinced that the Holy Father has a
great love for Poland”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Welfare
Ministry, mentioned in my report 16/40 of 27 March, expressed similar
thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many other persons were also
surprised.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">On 28 March, as soon as I
received your message, 2476/40 (3) I went to the office of the President of the
council of Ministers, where there is also the Press Relations office, to
protest the incident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Director
General, Count Romer, who frequently deputises for General Sikorski who mainly
looks after military affairs and is always busy with inspections, received me
(4).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Count Romer had not read the
article in question and was shocked when I read it to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He declared wonderment as to how such an
article could have been written, saying they would ask for immediate
satisfactory explanations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">He in fact wrote a letter to
the Propaganda Ministry in Paris at once, asking for explanations and how they
proposed to remedy the matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also
enquired about the writer of the article, severely criticising the Editor of
the paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Propaganda Minister
replied deploring the article – which had also escaped his notice and he
apologised for that (5).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has
reprimanded the Editor in chief of the newspaper for not having shown the
article to him first, since it dealt with such a delicate matter; he has also
expressed in stronger terms, a reprimand for the writer, instructing that
articles of his should no longer appear in the newspaper which is now being put
under the direct control of the Propaganda Ministry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Polish censor will examine it (up until now
only a French censor examined it) with instructions to watch carefully that
nothing that offends Polish feelings be printed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He mentioned that distribution of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i> has been forbidden to
soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally the Propaganda
Minister has ordered a series of articles be written to offset as far as
possible the painful impression which the article might have given to public
opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I enclose the most important
paragraphs of the first such articles with this report.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Furthermore, the Minister
for Foreign Affairs, M. Zaleski, addressed words of respectful homage and
thanks to the August Pontiff on behalf of the entire Polish nation in a speech
he made to the Polish National Council on 28 March.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I reported this in my submission Number
20/40.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 31 March the Propaganda
Minister broadcast a speech where he spoke about the benevolent attitude of the
Holy See towards Poland and of the affection of Poland for the Holy See.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At its General meeting in Angers on 2 April,
the Polish National Council unanimously acknowledged the work done by the Holy
Father in favour of Poland and addressed to him devoted words of homage, thanks
and filial affection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M. Paderewski,
Vice-President of the Council, who does not participate actively at the meeting
because of his age and ill health and now lives mostly in Switzerland, reported
these matters to me personally (6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I hope these manifestations
of filial devotion to the August Pontiff from the highest Polish Authorities
can alleviate the distress felt by the Holy Father. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(1) ADSS 1.273<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(2) Not published in
ADSS.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>August Zaleski (1883-1972) Polish
Foreign Minister in Exile 1940-47.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(3) ADSS 1.273<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(4) Tadeusz Romer
(1894-1978), Director General in Exile 1939-42; Wladislaw Sikorski (1881-1943),
Polish Prime Minister in Exile 1939-43.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(5) Polish Propaganda
Minister<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(6) Ignacy Jan Paderewski
(1860-1941), Chief of the National Council of Poland 1939-41.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-63566211174196255042017-07-17T20:42:00.000+10:002017-07-17T20:42:47.282+10:00ADSS 1.274 Borgongini Duca to Maglione: Meeting with Ciano<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS
1.274 Francesco Borgongini Duca, Italy, to Luigi Maglione, Sec State.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Reference: Report 7679 (AES
2793/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Location and date: Rome,
31.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Summary statement: Reports
meeting with Ciano who revealed that Muissolini had ‘committed himself
excessively’; but Ciano continues to do everything possible to preserve
neutrality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nuncio invited minister to
act with prudence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ciano warns Nuncio
not to trust information sent by the ambassadors to their gov’ts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language: Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Last Friday, 27 March, at
12.15, Minister Ciano, who had just come back from the palazzo Venezia,
received me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The purpose of my visit was
to converse with him on the matters which Your Eminence had instructed me to
settle (about ten arguments, more or less thorny, regarding which I had
reported to you in the last few days) and also to take advantage of the
occasion to obtain some information about political events.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Minister, who always
listens kindly to me (without ever taking his eyes from the pile of Notes which
I am instructed to hand to him), told me when I thanked him, as Your Eminence
told me to, for the information which he had sent to you through the Ambassador
before the Brenner meeting (1), that: “Certainly it was a big commitment; but I
am still doing everything to put a stop to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He (Mussolini) committed himself excessively. I cannot say if there will
be war or not but ertainly I am working hard and you cannot have any idea of
what I have done and am still doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
god helps me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">“When will you see the Holy
Father?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(I replied that I had already
asked for an audience and hoped that His Holiness would consent to me
soon.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Well, ask him to think about me
from time to time and to pray for me and to send me his blessing because I need
it very much”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Then we started dealing with
the business in hand, as I have already mentioned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">At the end, when we got up
and were walking towards the door, I returned to the subject hoping to obtain a
little more information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">He told me again that it is
a great commitment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I took courage and added:
“Excellency, take good care of yourself and do not expose yourself too much”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">He replied: “You are right,
I always go about without a bodyguard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Certainly, the Germans would shoot me if they could” (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I insisted: “Be on guard not
only against the Germans but also against the Italian people because among them
there could be ill-intentioned people”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">He replied: “The Italian
people love me and know that I am working for them”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In the end he gave me a
warning: “Do not trust the diplomats accredited to the Holy See who in their
telegrams and reports give information about Italy as heard in the Vatican and
also mention my name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We read
everything, and Mussolini also reads everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You must consider my position, otherwise I
shall be obliged not to tell you anything more”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I replied that we should not
give too much credit to the statements of diplomats who want to make themselves
look bigger by increasing the importance of the news they send, sometimes
adding something of their own.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The conversation ended with
these words: “What I told you is meant for the Holy Father and for His
Excellency Cardinal Maglione”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Minister’s warning makes
me fear that the Foreign Embassies have secret informers in the Vatican,
besides those the Italian Government itself has.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(1) ADSS 1.272.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(2) There were rumours among
some German diplomatic circles that Ciano was an Anglophile. See DGFP, Series
D, Volume 9, n179, pp197-98.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-44557380803272579012017-07-17T20:40:00.000+10:002017-07-17T20:40:00.865+10:00ADSS 1.273 Maglione to Pancini: Pope "saddened" by article in Glos Polski<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS
1.273 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, to Alfredo Pacini, Charge d’affaires Polish
Nunciature in Angers, France.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Reference: AES 2476/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Location and date: Vatican,
22.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Summary statement: Pope
saddened by article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pacini to make appropriate representations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language: Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I immediately brought to the
Holy Father’s attention the article of the newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos Polski</i>, which you sent us with your report Number 13/40 of 13
March 1940, regarding the visit of the German Minister for Foreign Affairs (1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">As you can easily imagine,
this article was a painful surprise for the August Pontiff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The author of the article in fact not only
shows lack of understanding for the Holy See’s attitude in dealing with grace
international problems, but also shows that he is unaware of forgetful of what
His Holiness has done so far to help Poland, and his paternal, eager, incessant
concern to bring moral and material assistance to Poland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Holy Father has been even
more grieved by the fact that the article was published in the semi-official
publication of the Polish Government in Angers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I ask you therefore to lodge
a complaint to the competent authorities asking for an explanation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(1) ADSS 1.262<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-42651669525207701932017-07-17T20:37:00.000+10:002017-07-17T20:37:44.922+10:00ADSS 1.272 Maglione - notes on Italian situation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS
1.272 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Reference: AES 2822/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Location and date: Vatican,
20.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Summary statement: Dino
Alfieri, Italian ambassador, reported on the meeting between Mussolini and Hitler;
respective positions remain unchanged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language: Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Italian Ambassador
informs me that the conversation between Hitler and Mussolini at the Brenner
Pass (the meeting was requested by Hitler and lasted two and a half hours) has
not modified their respective points of view (1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The conversation consisted
mainly in a “tour of the political horizon”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hitler again mentioned the forthcoming offensive, and declared ghimself
once again certain of victory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The subject of peace was not
mentioned (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Count Ciano remained under
the impression that Hitler was less intransigent than usual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Count Ciano himself asked
the Ambassador to tell me that he remains firm in his well know policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">He must, naturally, act with
prudence on account of the Duce’s temperament and personality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">But he is no more worried
than before.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(1) Dino Alfieri (1886-1966)
Italian Ambassador to the Holy See 1939-40 wrote a report to Italian Foreign
Minister, Galeazzo Ciano, that evening giving an account of the meeting with
Maglione.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His impression was that the
Vatican was preoccupied by the event without exaggerating its importance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See DDI, Series 9, Volume 3, n596, p522.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(2) See DDI, Series 9,
Volume 3, nn503-07; DGFP, Series D, Volume 9, n1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In these documents Hitler speaks about the
war he intended to wage against the Western Powers, but he did not insist on
Italy’s immediate entry into war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ciano
wrote in his diary: “As far as we are concerned the meeting has not
substantially changed our position”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diario</i>,
Volume 1, p 239.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-66097819335162263552017-07-17T20:35:00.000+10:002017-07-17T20:35:38.951+10:00ADSS 1.271 Pacini to Maglione: Conversation with Polish Minister Beck<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">ADSS
1.271 Alfredo Pacini, Charge d’affaires, Polish Nunciature in Angers, France,
to Luigi Maglione, Sec State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Reference: Report 15/40 (AES
2954/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Location and date: Angers,
20.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Summary statement: Pacini
reports on conversation with Polish Foreign Minister, August Zaleski who
commented on Sumner Welles information:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jozef Beck never consented to the return of Danzig to the Reich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pacini quotes the Polish ‘White Book’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language: Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">As I had the honour to
inform Your Eminence whith my report No 14/40 of yesterday (1), M. Zaleski,
Polish Foreign Minister (2), spoke to me about his meeting in Paris with Mr
Welles at the occasion of Welles’ visit to the French Government. The Minister
said: “As we do not want to keep anything secret from the Holy See, I wish to
report the conversation I had with Mr Welles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">“Mr Roosevelt’s
representative asked me only a few questions but insisted on knowing if it was
true that Minister Beck (3) – during the visit paid by the Polish Minister to
the German Chancellor in his residence in Berchtesgaden on 5 January 1939 –
made concessions to Hitler regarding the return of Danzig and the Corridor to
Germany”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">M. Zelseki replied: “From
documents found in the Foreign Ministry and from other knowledge this
information seems to be untrue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
speaking with Chancellor Hitler, M. Beck used a formal phrase of courtesy,
namely that there was always a way to reach an understanding on thorny questions
without the necessity of letting it come to a serious conflict; he did not say
clearly yes of no, and clarity would have been necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, at a meeting which M. Beck had in Munich
on 6 January with the German Foreign Minister he took the opportunity to
explain his ideas about these problems more clearly, saying that Poland would
never agree to hand Danzig to Germany or to other requests regarding the
extra-territorial status of a Corridor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Mr Welles took notes on the
subject and did not ask anything else of importance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Minister Zaleski tells me
that Mr Welles asked General Sikorski, President of the Council (4), his
opinion on the military might of Germany and Russia and M. Sikorski made a
report which was handed to Mr Welles while he was leaving London for Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I note that the Polish “White
Book” mentions the conversations which Minister Beck had with Chancellor Hitler
and with the German Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop in two documents: 48-49 and
78-79.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One can see from them, the manner
in which very thorny questions, which then developed into a war, were dealt
with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The discussions were resumed in
Berlin on 21 March (the “White Book” mentions them under No. 61) between the
Polish Ambassador, M. Lipski and the German Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop,
with the well known tragic results.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(1) Report not published in
ADSS.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pacini provided information about
giving the document to the Polish Minister.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>See ADSS 1.248 note 1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(2) August Zaleski
(1883-1972), Minister of Foreign Affairs Polish Government in Exile 1940-47.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(3) Jozef Beck (1894-1944),
Polish Foreign Minister 1932-39.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">(4) Wladislaw Sikorski
(1881-1943), Prime Minister Polish Government in Exile 1939-43.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">(5) The Polish “White Book”
was a collection of documents dealing with Poland’s relations with Germany and
the USSR between 1933 and 1939.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
published on 15.03.1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-64623183700365675772017-07-15T12:45:00.000+10:002017-07-15T12:45:15.493+10:00ADSS 1.270 Maglione, notes: Polish article is unfair to the Holy See<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.270 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2476/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 19.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Polish article is unfair to the Holy See.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
article shows injustice and ingratitude (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Holy Father and I spoke with Ribbentrop about conditions in Poland
(2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Monsignor
Pacini should remonstrate (3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
ADSS 1.262<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
ADSS 1.257, 258, 259.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
Alfredo Pacini (1888-1967), Charge d’affaires of the Polish Nunciature 1935-44;
in Angers, France, with the Polish Government in Exile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-73656316783083542872017-07-15T12:43:00.001+10:002017-07-15T12:43:27.554+10:00ADSS 1.269 Maglione to Orsenigo: conversation with Ribbentrop<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.269 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, to Cesare Orsenigo,
Germany</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2360/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 19.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Maglione informs Orsenigo of his conversation with Ribbentrop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
take pleasure in sending Your Excellency, for your information and guidance ,
some notes on the two meetings – one in the Vatican and the other in the German
Embassy to the Holy See – which the German Foreign Minister had with me on the
11.03.1940, soon after his audience with the Holy Father (1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Minister affirmed his pleasure, several times, in having been able to see the
Holy Father and to talk with him about the religious position in Germany taking
advantage of his time in Rome to settle a few questions with the Italian
Government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
also told me that he was able, during the audience, to note with great
satisfaction that the Pope still has his heart in Germany, and a great wish to
reach a firm and lasting agreement with Hitler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
added that Hitler also wants a sound and lasting settlement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has already given proof of his goodwill by
stopping, by the hundreds, the proceedings against the clergy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Hitler is a man with far-sighted plans
and thinks more of the future than of the present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We cannot therefore think that we can reach
the desired settlement at present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Germany is now engaged in a terrific struggle for its own existence and
greatness. Hitler has all Germans on his side: their energy is devoted to the
attainment of victory; it is not possible to think about other problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Afterwards we will negotiate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
did not fail to point out to the Minister that religion is also concerned with
the present and it is therefore not possible to set aside the current problems
which hamper it and cause sorrow, pain and grace danger to souls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Replying to one of his frequent allusions to
the so-called political activity of the German clergy, I recalled to him the
Holy See’s instructions on this subject, instructions which the German clergy,
at least generally speaking, obey scrupulously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If in some particular instance these instructions have not been obeyed,
the only thing to do would be to inform the competent ecclesiastical authority
which would immediately remedy it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
it would be a grave error, I added, to see political motives in the overall
activity of clergy and people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">From
here, passing to more concrete points, I recalled the particular attention of
the Minister to some of the many facts which the Church has lately been compelled
to deplore: these have already been communicated to the German Embassy to the
Holy See with our note of last July which so far has not been replied to, and
in particular other more recent notes, as for example the closing down of
Seminaries and Theological Faculties, without even informing the Holy See
although this is a matter which comes under the Concordat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Regarding
Poland – as the Minister handed to me an official publication on the Polish
atrocities against the Germans and mentioned the political activity of the
Polish clergy – I told him that the Holy See wishes to be accurately informed
and therefore they have several times asked Berlin for permission to send a
trusted clergyman to Poland namely Monsignor Colli, Counsellor of the
Nunciature in Germany, but until now they have not had a reply in the sense
desired; and in the meantime, the various reports which circulate on the
situation in Poland, some of which cannot be confuted, are becoming very
distressing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can ask the Polish
priests to abstain from creating difficulties to the occupying authority, but
it is not possible to pretend that they should renounce their love of their own
country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The presence of the Holy See’s
envoy, I added, would help in clearing misunderstandings and in assisting the
priests in their undertaking to devote themselves exclusively to their pastoral
ministry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could, by keeping in touch
with the German authorities, give useful directives and good advice to help the
Bishops to bring the religious situation back to normal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I only received a vague reply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
spoke also of the necessity of helping the poor Polish population and I
reminded him of the request already made for the consent of the Berlin
Government for organising assistance under the control of the Holy See’s envoy
in agreement with the occupying power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But I did not get a satisfactory reply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
Villa Bonaparte I spoke again of the advantage of having a representative of
the Holy See in Warsaw, in the interest of Germany itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He replied that he would think about it but
added explicitly that he could not promise anything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He spoke again about Hitler’s goodwill (who
is looking to the future) and about the necessity of setting aside particular
questions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
ADSS 1.257, 258.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-65007793476541519022017-07-15T12:41:00.000+10:002017-07-15T12:41:02.171+10:00ADSS 1.268 Maglione, notes: Sumner Welles in Rome<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.268 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2494/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 18.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Sumner Welles in Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Meeting at Vatican – Allies want a sound peace; imminent offensive
expected; Papal peace initiative likely to fail; Italian neutrality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mr
Sumner Welles, United States Foreign Under Secretary, came to see me after the
audience granted to him by the Holy Father (1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
expressed his satisfaction, indeed his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">joy</i>,
at having been able to confer with His Holiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
spoke then about the talks he had had in Italy, Germany, Britain and France
with Government people. In Berlin he was able to note that Hitler and his
Government are convinced that the Allies (France and Britain) want the
destruction of Germany (2) while he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">knows</i>
– and he was able to see this clearly in London and in Paris – that the allies
want to reach a sound peace with a lasting settlement of all matters and want
to be sure than other war will not start in twenty years’ time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
asked me then if I thought that the Germans, although they declared themselves
certain of an overwhelming victory within a year, have not manifested some
intention of talking peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mussolini
confirmed that the Germans are preparing a vigorous offensive within the next
few days of weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that this is
impossible to avoid is heart rending.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
asked me what I thought about a new attempt in favour of peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
replied that at the present time neither of the two parties in conflict believe
in the possibility of, nor are they willing to help in the success of any such
attempt: both declare they are certain of complete victory and will fight: both
energetically refuse any proposal of peace.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any effort in this direction would, in the present circumstances, be
doomed to failure and would compromise any future move which could be resumed
at a more opportune moment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mr
Welles told me that he agreed with me fully and added that he had already
telephoned the President accordingly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
then asked my opinion about the Italian situation and said that he thought that
during the meeting between Hitler and Mussolini fixed for this morning at the
Brenner Pass the relations between Italy and Russia would be discussed to see
if there was any possibility of improving them as Hitler desired.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
replied that the Italian people are against the war but Mussolini’s mind is not
clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He leans towards Germany but
there is hope that he would take the nation’s mood into account and in consequence
restrain himself, being a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">realist</i>,
from throwing Italy into an adventure in which it could run mortal risks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Allies, who would gain by Italian non-belligerency, should do their utmost not
to antagonise Mussolini, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In the margin</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">: It should be noted that
Italian and German interests in the Balkans are opposed to a Russian thrust in
the Balkans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Welles
told me that those were exactly his own thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although until a short while ago relations
between the United States and Italy were not very cordial, President Roosevelt
has already suggested that the Allies be cautious and friendly towards Italy,
and try not to upset them with measures and policies which are
unacceptable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recently, regarding the coal
question, he said “In Washington we took the same line as followed by Your
Eminence here”. (Welles knew that I had approached the French Ambassador and
the British Minister on this subject) (3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
did not fail to remind Welles that the Unites States <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can do a lot</i> and that all here have great confidence in President
Roosevelt’s good offices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Welles
told me very courteously, but with obvious sincerity, that the United States in
turn have great confidence in the influence of the most high and august moral
power which the Pope can have in the present circumstances and that the
President will be most pleased to unite his efforts to those of the Holy
Father.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
FRUS 1940 Volume 1, pp 106-08 for Sumner Welles report.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The audience began at 10.00 and lasted 50
minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conversation he later had
with Maglione in French, is also reported in FRUS, pp 108-10.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
FRUS 1940 Volume 1, p49 for Sumner Welles meeting with Hitler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
ADSS 1.250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-2259795797656913082017-07-15T12:37:00.000+10:002017-07-15T12:37:42.035+10:00ADSS 1.267 Luigi Maglione, Secretary of State: fears of Italian entry into the war<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.267 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2494/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 17.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Italian ambassador, Dino Alfieri, told Maglione of Mussolini’s planned
meeting with Hitler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fears that Hitler will try
to draw Italy into the war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Italian Ambassador (1) confirms to me (11.30) the news<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- given to me yesterday by the British
Minister (2) – of the Mussolini-Hitler meeting on the Brenner Pass (3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Head of the Italian Government will leave
for the Brenner today at 13.00 together with Minister Ciano and will be back in
Rome tomorrow evening or Tuesday morning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hitler
who will insist on the points already put forward by Ribbentrop has requested
the meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter declared his
complete confidence in Germany’s victory and did not even mention the
possibility of or the wish to start peace negotiations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It
is believed there that Hitler will try to persuade Italy join the war on
Germany’s side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It
is also believed that Mussolini would like to maintain his policy of biding his
own time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Formally,
according to the Ambassador, the relations between the two Governments seem to
have improved: but in fact they have not changed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">During
the conversation I expressed all the reasons, which in my judgement constrain
and compel Italy to remain outside the conflict.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Ambassador thinks that these reasons are well founded; but he thinks that, as
time goes buy, it will be extremely difficult for Italy to keep out of the
conflict (4).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Dino Alfieri (1886-1966) Italian Ambassador to the Holy See 1939-40.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
D’Arcy Osborne (1884-1964) British Minister to the Holy See 1936-47.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
Hitler and Mussolini met on 18.03.1940 in a hastily arranged meeting on
Hitler’s train.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The consensus was that
Hitler wanted Mussolini’s assurance that Italy would enter the war
eventually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ciano recorded his
impression of the meeting in his<a href="http://ww2today.com/hitler-meets-mussolini-at-the-brenner-pass"> diary</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The Hitler meeting is very
cordial on both sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conference …
is more a monologue than anything else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hitler talks all the time, but is less agitated than usual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He makes few gestures and speaks in a quiet
tone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He looks physically fit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mussolini listens to him with interest and
with deference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He speaks little and
confirms his intention to move with Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He reserves to himself only the choice of the right moment … The
conferences with a short meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Later Mussolini gives me
his impressions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did not find in
Hitler that uncompromising attitude which von Ribbentrop had led him to
suspect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yesterday, as well, von
Ribbentrop only opened his mouth to harp on Hitler’s intransigency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mussolini believes that Hitler will think
twice before he begins an offensive on land.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">See
too Peter Neville (2004), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mussolini</i>, Routledge,
London, pp 158-59.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(4)
See ADSS 1.272, 274, 276<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-33766036495850677772017-02-19T20:41:00.002+11:002017-02-19T20:41:46.405+11:00ADSS 1.265 Pius XII to President Roosevelt: Pius is encouraged by the presence of Myron Taylor.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.265 Pius XII to President Roosevelt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES America 259; FRUS 1940 Volume 1, pp 127-28; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wartime Corresspondence</i> (1947), pp 33-34.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 16.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Pope encouraged by the presence of FDR’s representative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Endeavours for peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
English<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
text is readily found in the online edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wartime Correspondence at <a href="https://archive.org/stream/wartimecorrespon006860mbp/wartimecorrespon006860mbp_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/wartimecorrespon006860mbp/wartimecorrespon006860mbp_djvu.txt</a>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-70205842085375330102017-02-19T20:40:00.000+11:002017-02-19T20:40:08.382+11:00ADSS 1.264 Notes of the Secretary of State: conversation with Myron Taylor and Maglione<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.264 Secretary of State, notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2466/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 15.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Conversation of Myron Taylor with Maglione.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Ambassador thanked His Eminence for all the courtesies shown to him on his
arrival in Rome (1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Speaking
then about Mr Sumner Welles’ next visit to Rome, the Ambassador asked His
Eminence to submit the wish to the Holy Father that the honour of an audience
with the Holy Father be granted to Mr Welles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If possible, Monday would be perfect, as Mr Welles is also engaged
during Saturday and Sunday with M. Mussolini and Count Ciano; furthermore it
would be proper that the last conversation which Mr Welles had in Europe would
be with His Holiness “thus Mr Welles’ mission would be concluded in a worthy
manner and he could return to America with this thoughts elevated on to a
spiritual plane” (2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
the end of the audience Mr Welles would like to introduce Mr Moffat, Chief of
the Western European Affairs Section at the American Department of State, to
the Holy Father, and Mr Johnson, private secretary to Mr Welles. (3)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ambassador Taylor expressed the wish to be
present during the Audience for the prestige of his own mission’s sake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He kept on insisting on this point.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mr
Taylor then went on to propose two points to His Eminence on which he would
like to have the Holy See’s advice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1.
His Excellency, after having obtained information from all sides, is firmly
convinced that for the moment everybody believes that nothing can be done
regarding an initiative in favour of peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He would like to know if the holy See, in order to prevent the extension
of the war or at least to confine it, could make a useful suggestion to be
taken by the President alone, with the support of the Holy Father, or by a
group of neutral states, in particular the American ones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">2.
In case nothing could definitely be done at present, how could President
Roosevelt help to protect Italy from the danger of being dragged into war on
Germany’s side?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ambassador thinks
that Italy’s neutrality will be very important should the war last a long time,
and he would like to work in this direction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">His
Eminence will bring these two points to the attention of the Hoy Father and give
his considered reply to the Ambassador.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
On 27.02.1940 Myron Taylor was received by Pius XII in “solemn audience” and he
handed to the Pope a letter from FDR. See ADSS 1.264.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the meeting with the Pope, Taylor had a
meeting with the Secretary of State for 45 minutes during which the
international situation was discussed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>See FRUS 1940 Vol 1, pp 126-27.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
See ADSS 1.268.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
Jay Pierrepont Moffat (1896-1943), Chief of European Affairs 1937-40.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hartwell Johnson (1902- ?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-47038542113212720342017-02-19T20:37:00.000+11:002017-02-19T20:37:56.466+11:00ADSS 1.263 Valeri to Maglione: Ribbentrop's visit to Holy See; end of war in Finland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.263 Valerio Valeri, France, to Luigi Maglione, Sec
State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Report number 1059/509 (AES 3112/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Paris, 14.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Ribbentrop’s visit to the Vatican came as a great surprise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some see it as a peace plan devised by
Hitler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peace imposed on Finland has
disappointed public opinion; criticism of Allied inactivity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
journey of the Reich Foreign Minister, von Ribbentrop, to Rome has not failed, as
Your Eminence knows, to give rise here in France to a great deal of
comment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His visit to the Vatican has
caused great surprise and amazement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
newspapers, however – excluding a few of clearly anti-Catholic tendency and a
few more who do not have a large distribution such as the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Petit Bleu</i> which covers the interest of certain financial groups –
have abstained from openly criticising the affirmative reply of the Holy See to
the request of the Reich Foreign Minister to be received by the Holy Father. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the other hand various hypotheses have been
expressed as to the aims of this visit and the bitter sweet tone of the Press
lets one feel that some displeasure has been created by this action which could
be interpreted as a success for German diplomacy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Press, however, instead of criticising has tried to explain with more or less
credible reports, that the visit of von Ribbentrop to the Vatican will not
bring Nazism the advantages, which were anticipated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor could it be otherwise, because the Hoy See
could not support Hitler’s plans in favour of peace, if this peace is not
founded on justice and the wrongs committed by the Reich against the conquered
nations are not put right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
newspapers have delved particularly into these points and some of them, like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Populaire</i> yesterday morning have again
quoted the Christmas address of the Holy Father on the peace conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">People
here think in fact that one of the principal aims of Ribbentrop’s visit to Rome
was that of preparing a new German peace offensive which could be harmful to
the Allies, by influencing public opinion in the neutral countries and in
particular that of the United States of America and Mr Roosevelt’s decisions,
while his representative is going to meet Signor Mussolini again in a few days
(1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
must add furthermore that the peace which Finland was forced to sign the day
before yesterday with the Soviets, has been a blow to French public opinion,
and they ask what the Allied Governments are doing (2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M Daladier was obliged to answer a question
in Parliament on this point during Tuesday’s session.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Parliament is in a bad mood regarding the
trend that international political and diplomatic events are taking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A rumour is going around that new ministerial
changes will take place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">On
the whole the situation is rather confused especially because France cannot
break away form the decisions and dispositions of Great Britain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Reference to Benjamin Sumner Welles visit to Rome, Berlin and London in March
and April 1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
The Russo-Finnish war (13.11.1939-13.03.1940) ended with Finland signing the
Treaty of Moscow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finland had held the
Red Army at bay for over three months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Britain and France pledged to send troops to Finland via Scandanavia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Part of the Allied plan was to secure Swedish
iron ore deposits and Norwegian coastal ports, especially Narvik, and deny them
to Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would effectively end
Swedish neutrality and Norway’s ambition to stay out of the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, Norway, Denmark and Sweden announced
in February 1940 that they would not give permission for Allied troops to pass
through their territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The USSR took
11% of Finnish land space and about 30% of Finnish economic power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-47827967081012060712017-02-19T20:29:00.000+11:002017-02-19T20:29:27.510+11:00ADSS 1.262 Alfredo Pacini to Maglione: Ribbentrop's visit to the Holy See<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.262 Alfredo Pacini, Charge d’Affaires Poland (1),
to Luigi Maglione, Sec State.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Report 13/40 (AES 2476/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Paris, 13.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Polish reaction to Ribbentrop’s visit to the Vatican.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
hasten to draw Your Eminence’s attention to an article on the visit paid to the
Holy Father by the German foreign Minister, von Ribbentrop, which appeared
today, 13 March, in the newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glos
Polski </i>(The Voice of Poland), official paper of the Polish government in
Angers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This
article, which I translate word for word, expressed the general feelings of the
Polish people living in France and especially in Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Many
of them by word of mouth have expressed more or less the same feelings to me;
while I for my part tried to quieten these unfortunate people who, because of
the situation in which they find themselves and their state of mind, which is
full of bitterness and fear, are frightened by the rustle of a leaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
have not, these last few days, seen any Government officials or members of the
National Council, as they are all at Angers, but I shall not fail to see some
of them and to inform Your Eminence about these meetings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Alfredo Pacini (1888-1967), Charge d’Affaires, Polish Nunciature. Filipo
Cortesi, the nuncio left Warsaw in mid-September 1939 and the nunciature was
closed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pacini made his way to France
where a Polish government in exile was established in Angers in January
1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Polish government fled to
Britain after the German invasion in May.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-49977085975089217102017-02-19T20:23:00.000+11:002017-02-19T20:23:36.150+11:00ADSS 1.261 William Godfrey to Maglione: Sumner Welles visit to London; Ribbentrop's visit to the Holy See<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.261 William Godfrey (1), Ap Del UK, to Luigi
Maglione, Sec State.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Report number 550/40 (AES 2540/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: London, 12.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Visit of Sumner Welles to London well received by the British.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FDR’s peace efforts well received. UK
critical of US neutrality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ribbentrop’s
visit was a surprise – possible peace move by Hitler?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
think it opportune to report to Your Eminence the comments on Mr Sumner Welles’
visit to London and of Minister Ribbentrop’s visit to Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">With
reference to the former I think I am able to say that President Roosevelt’s
effort to co-operate in some way in settling the European dispute has been well
received here in England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">His
special envoy, Mr Welles, has been received with great courtesy; but even
before his arrival the Press affirmed that all the Franco-British points of
view had already been well defined and known by the entire world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, all possible information will be
given to Roosevelt’s representative; but it will consist only of details to
explain the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Since
the start of the war the possibility that the American republic would enter the
conflict has never been seriously discussed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here and there, and from time to time, there has been a certain
criticism of the American attitude, on the assumption that it reflects the
trend of “neutrality at all costs”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It
is generally remembered that after Munich the United States reproached France
ad Great Britain for having yielded to Hitler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now that both nations have taken up arms to block the progress of German
hegemony, the United States is completely disinterested in Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It
does not seem, therefore, that the British nation expects the United States to
enter the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the other hand no
responsible personality of British politics has made any request of this kind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Yesterday’s
and today’s newspapers give great publicity to Ribbentrop’s visit to the Holy
Father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Taken unawares the Press
indulges in speculations on what could have been the motives and aims of the
visit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
particulars of this visit have received great attention from radio and
newspapers and it has been noticed that there were not Swastikas on the Vatican
motorcars, and Pope Pius XI’s words have been recalled when he said that this
emblem in not Christ’s cross.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Ribbentrop”
writes the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evening News</i>, “could
during this visit to the Pope try to excuse Nazi brutalities against Poland:
Pius XII will not be easily convinced by mere words, not matter how sweet”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Another
newspaper, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evening Standard</i>,
insinuates that the aim of the visit could be that of asking the Pope to
support the recent peace plan of Hitler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>German diplomacy would try to line up Berlin-Rome-Vatican over a peace
plan, ready for the return of Sumner Welles to Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Other
newspapers think that Ribbentrop’s visit is designed to persuade Italy to see a
simple economic alliance in the relations between Germany and Russia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
thought it my duty to report all this to Your Eminence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
William Godfrey, (1889-1963), Apostolic Delegate to the United Kingdom 1938-53.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-42536339680082278862016-12-25T20:27:00.002+11:002016-12-25T20:27:32.680+11:00ADSS 1.260 Maglione to Orsenigo: nuncio can meet Ribbentrop in Berlin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.260 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, to Cesare Orsenigo,
Germany,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Telegram 166 (AES 2170/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 12.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: The nuncio can meet Ribbentrop at the station on his return to
Berlin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Coded
message 375. (1) There is no objection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
ADSS 1.256.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-63756457386219687742016-12-25T20:21:00.000+11:002016-12-25T20:21:41.943+11:00ADSS 1.259 Sec State notes of Silvio Attilio: Ribbentrop visit<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.259 Secretariat of State, notes of Silvio Attilio.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2176/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 11.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Report on meeting between Maglione and Ribbentrop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
12.15, immediately after the audience with the Holy Father, M. von Ribbentrop
came to see me accompanied by his suite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
came out to meet him in the Throne room and after the usual greetings I
escorted him into the audience room, where the conversation took place, lasting
for about one hour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Minister started by saying that he is not a Catholic and in fact he does not
profess any religion because, although born in the Protestant Church, he had
abandoned Protestantism as soon as he realised its errors and faults.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Having
called his attention to the distressing religious situation in Germany, the
Minister said that the Fuhrer is favourably inclined towards the Catholic
Church and in fact he would like to come to an agreement with it, but the
moment is very delicate … and more time is needed especially on account of the
divergence existing between National Socialist politics and those followed by
the Catholic clergy in Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This
allusion made by the Minister gave me the opportunity of pointing out to him
how the Church, in carrying out its mission amongst the people, takes great
care to remain outside and above politics; these are the directives given by
the Holy See to the clergy all over the world and therefore to the Germany
clergy, who, in truth, scrupulously comply with them as a general rule,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a breach or this rule were noticed in a
particular case it would be sufficient to bring it to the notice of the
competent Ecclesiastical Authority, who would certainly not fail to remedy
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it would be grace prejudice, I
added, to see in the whole activity of the clergy nothing but politics. A
political end is seen in the work which the clergy does to stem the process of
dechristianisation of the people, in support of the fundamental principles of
religion itself, in the efforts made to give the appropriate religious
instruction to children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">From
here passing to more concrete points, I recalled the particular attention of
the Minister to some of the many facts which the Church has been compelled to
deplore lately: suppression of almost all Catholic schools: reduction or
suppression of religious teaching in elementary and professional schools where
frequently lay teachers of religion take advantage of their position for
advocating the so-called National Socialist “Weltanschauung” and in this way
fight religion itself; the closing down of many colleges and religious houses;
suppression of famous abbeys, frequent arrest of priests and members of
religious orders: systematic anti-Christian propaganda particularly through the
Press which in its attacks does not even respect the Supreme Pontiff, while the
church, subjected to the most rigid and strict censure, finds it impossible to
defend itself against these attacks and slanders, when even the diocesan bulletins,
one after another, are suppressed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To
all this we must add the closing of almost all the Minor Seminaries, of many
Major Seminaries and not a few of the Theological Faculties, without even
giving notice to the Holy See, although this is a matter which comes under the
Concordat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
felt it my duty to mention all these events, or at least the more important
ones, in a Note given to the German Ambassador to the Holy See on 13 July of
this year [sic] with a request to bring them to the knowledge of the government,
who, on account of the repetition of so many distressing incidents, had
probably not been kept well informed about the activity against the church in
Germany carried out by subordinate authorities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But so far I have not received any reply on this subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Passing
then to the very distressing present situation of the Church in that part of
Poland occupied by Germany, I mentioned amongst other things the persecution
there to which the faithful, the clergy and even bishops are subjected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also pointed out that the Holy See cannot
accept without reservations information frequently supplied by the German
Embassy here, regarding the situation in that territory, and even less can the
Holy See publish this information without being able to check it directly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence the necessity that the Holy See should
have an Apostolic Visitor in Polish territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This would not be anything new, because, as the Minister knows, both in
the Ruhr and in the Saar, following a request of the German Government, the
Holy See with the approval of the French Government, sent an apostolic Visitor
whose presence there was greatly appreciated by Germany. The same procedure
could be applied now to Poland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Minister listened with great interest, and though he did not think there were
many difficulties against these suggestions he could not, however, promise any
Government action to put an end to the matters complained of.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
reminded him, at the end, that the Holy See has many times asked the German
Government to allow them to carry out their charitable work of assistance and
succour in Poland in favour of those poor populations, but have received no
reply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To this the Minister replied that
the Fuhrer wishes Germany to be self-sufficient even when giving assistance and
added that lately the Fuhrer himself refused an offer of ten million dollars,
for assistance, coming from abroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">From
this conversation, although carried on in a courteous manner, the impression
remained that we can expect very little from the visit of the German foreign
Minister to the Vatican.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
Silvio Attilio (1889-1957), Undersecretary Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs
1940-57.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-81304659869476649452016-12-25T20:18:00.000+11:002016-12-25T20:18:12.734+11:00ADSS 1.258 Maglione notes: Ribbentrop visit<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.258 Luigi Maglione, Sec State, notes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES 2176/40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 11.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Two interviews with Ribbentrop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ribbentrop pleased with meeting with the Pope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maglione complained about persecution in
Germany; Ribbentrop complained about ‘Polish atrocities’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No progress on a Vatican representative in
Poland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Reich’s Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop, during two conversation he had with me
(one in the Vatican lasting about one hour, the other in the German Embassy to
the Holy See lasting about fifteen minutes) repeated several times his
satisfaction at having been able – taking advantage of his visit to Italy – to
settle a few questions with the Italian Government - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to see</i> the Holy Father again and to talk with him about the
religious situation in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had
occasion to meet Monsignor Pacelli in Berlin who was then Nuncio to
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew that he had the
admiration of all Catholics who thought he was a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saint</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everybody in fact had
a great respect for Monsignor Pacelli, which he well deserved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He, Ribbentrop, had a great respect for him;
when he heard he had been elected and the warm-hearted words addressed to
Germany just after having been raised to the Pontifical throne, he said: here
is a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">true</i> Pope.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This
morning, during the audience granted to him he felt emboldened to claim, with
great satisfaction, that the Pope <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">has
always had his heart in Germany </i>and a great desire to reach a firm and lasting
understanding with Hitler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hitler
also wanted a firm and lasting understanding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He has already given proof of his goodwill be cancelling, by the
hundred, the proceedings against the clergy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Hitler’s plans are far-sighted, he thinks more of the future than of
the present (?).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We cannot therefore
think that we can <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">now</i> obtain the
settlement hoped for.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Germany
is engaged at present in a tremendous war for its existence, for its
greatness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All Germans are behind
Hitler, from the first to the last: all are ready to fight heroically: all
German energies are concentrated in this aim, victory: we cannot think about
anything else.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hitler
has united the Germans and has saved Germany – and therefore Europe – from
Communism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has obtained this result
by rising above all parties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now only
the State can outlines the policy of the nation, as it should be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catholicism, as Protestantism, delved too
much into politics and the Catholics of the Centre were so involved in politics
that they were prepared to vote enormous subsidies in favour of extremist
parties if only they could stay in power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Even
now the clergy do not understand that the field of politics is not theirs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need therefore time and patience to reach
a complete understanding and a settlement of the religious problem as desired
by Hitler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">To
this lengthy and rather disconnected monologue by Ribbentrop (in the first
conversation) I replied that even when politics were free in Germany, it was
not the Catholic clergy who meddled in politics, but only a group of German
citizens, who were Catholics, it is true, but were using the rights granted to
all Germans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In any case, this belongs
to the past,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can we say now that clerics,
Bishops, priests and members of religious orders meddled in party politics?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If there were any it would be enough to
mention their names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Holy See …<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“We
know that the Holy See does not want ecclesiastical people to concern
themselves with politics”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Then,
give us the names of ecclesiastical people who behave as politicians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are none, I think, and I am sorry to
note that there is a preconceived idea, a prejudice against Catholics: there is
the idea that clergymen, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Catholicism</i>,
as Your Excellency says, are concerned with political manoeuvres and everybody
thinks or wants to think that every action and every statement they make is due
to political reason and aims.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“But
this preconceived idea has no foundation cannot even explain many, too many,
distressing facts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the old Reich and
in Austria almost all Catholic schools have been shut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many elementary schools religious teaching
has been suppressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How can it be
suspected that teachers of ten-year-old children could be political schemers?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When religious teaching is suppressed,
catechism abolished, everybody must think that this is done because of hatred
of religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Crucifix has been taken
away from schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many places
clergymen have been sent away, in many schools the teaching of a National
Socialist <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Weltanschauung</i> has been
substituted for the Catechism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who can
believe that this has happened on account of the clergy’s political activities?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">And
there are other painful facts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Government ahs closed many seminaries, small and large, has suppressed many
novitiates, religious houses, abbeys, charitable institutions, has arrested
many priests …”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“I
am not aware of this …”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Excellency,
many months have elapsed since I handed a confidential memorandum of all the
facts which I have just told you to M. von Bergen and I begged him to pass it
on to Your Excellency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I took the
liberty on that occasion of expressing doubt as to whether the central
authorities were informed on facts probably due to orders of the local
authorities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be necessary that I
give you another memorandum on this subject”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
this point M. Ribbentrop handed me an official publication on the atrocities
committed by the Poles against the Germans and asked me to present it to the
Holy Father. “His Holiness will be able to observe the injustice to us of the
Catholic press which now writes about the alleged German cruelty and remains
silent about the proven Polish atrocities”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
replied that the Holy See wishes to be kept completely informed and therefore I
have several times insisted on obtaining the Berlin authorities’ approval for
sending a trusted cleric to Poland namely Monsignor Colli, Auditor of the
Nunciature in Germany: no satisfactory reply has been received to date.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In
the meantime, amongst the many rumours, which circulate about the Polish
situation, some cannot be denied and are extremely distressing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many bishops have been sent away from the
diocese, some, such as the Bishop of Lublin are in prison, together with many
priests; a great number of members of religious orders have been arrested; many
churches have been closed; in those still open, religious worship is allowed
only on certain days and for a few hours only”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“But
in Poland, as well, the clergy devote themselves to political activities, and
are against the Germans”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“We
can instruct the Polish priests to stay quiet and only to look after their
pastoral mission, and to avoid giving trouble to the occupying authority, but
we cannot ask them to renounce their love for the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The presence of a special envoy of the Holy
See would help to clear misunderstandings and to strengthen the priests in
their purpose to dedicate themselves exclusively to their pastoral mission”.
(1) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“But
Poland is under a military Government: no diplomat or consul can be sent
there”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“The
Holy See’s envoy would not have a diplomatic status; only religious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“By
keeping in contact with the German authorities he could give useful
instructions, good advice, help the Bishops little by little to restore the
normal religious life”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“But
how could the presence of a representative of the Holy See be possible in an
occupied territory ruled by the military?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Your
Excellency should be good enough to remember that during the Ruhr and Saar
occupation, Germany was glad that an envoy of the Holy See was present in those
districts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The French Government
consented then to the presence of a pontifical representative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany if I remember correctly, was very
satisfied with the activity of that Prelate (Monsignor Testa) … more than
France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Who
was not very pleasant to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, I
will think about it”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
spoke to M. Ribbentrop of the necessity of helping the poor desolate Polish
population, and about the permission of the Berlin Government, who had already
been approached, for a relief Organisation, which could function under the
guidance of Monsignor Colli or another cleric, in agreement with the occupying
powers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I have received only vague
words in return, tantamount, in the final analysis to a refusal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At
the Villa Bonaparte I spoke again of the advantage of having a representative
of the Holy See in Warsaw, in the interest of Germany itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the news about the harsh military
occupation is without foundation as von Ribbentrop affirms, it would be useful
to be able to deny it on the basis o non-partisan information...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
replied that he would think about it but added explicitly that he could not
promise anything.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He
spoke again about the goodwill of Hitler (who is thinking about the future) and
about the necessity of setting aside particular questions. “The church looks at
things <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sub specie aeternitatis</i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“This
is true, but we must not forget that religious life pursues its aims also in
the present and cannot ignore the obstacles for should represented by sources
of grief, of pain and of great danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We cannot and we must not let religious life decline or perish in the
present in the hope of seeing it resurgent in the future”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ribbentrop
felt it his duty to tell me twice that he had no religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was born in the Protestant confession but
he had abandoned it because he is convinced that Protestantism has <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">committed many errors</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He believes and affirms candidly that he is
unbiased in his judgement on religious matters merely because he has no
religious allegiance!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
See DGFP, Series D, Volume 8, n668, pp 896-98.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-36522562809104643702016-12-25T20:14:00.000+11:002016-12-25T20:14:44.813+11:00ADSS 1.257 Tardini, notes: Ribbentrop's visit<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ADSS 1.257 Domenico Tardini, Sectretariat State<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
AES Germany 774<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Vatican, 11.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Two interviews with Ribbentrop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ribbentrop pleased with meeting with the Pope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maglione complained about persecution in
Germany; Ribbentrop complained about ‘Polish atrocities’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No progress on a Vatican rep in Poland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
Italian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I
came in a few minutes after von Ribbentrop had left the Holy Father. (1)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I said “Prosit [good health], Holiness”. He
described Ribbentrop to me as a young man, but not too young, vigorous, and
excitable like a fanatic when speaking. (2) He himself told the Holy Father
that he was a wine merchant and had not previously been interested in politics:
but because of the extension of his export business and of the consequent
relations abroad he became Hitler’s advisor on foreign affairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He declared his belief in God, although not
belonging to any church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was born a
Protestant, but afterwards he abandoned Protestantism because the Church has
not longer any strength, organisation or influence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point the Holy Father pointed out to
him that the Catholic Church, on the contrary, was very well organised in
Germany and strong. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Von Ribbentrop
admitted this adding that he (and the Fuhrer) are not enemies of the Church but
of the political Catholicism of the clergy. The Holy Father remarked that the
German clergy had always been very patriotic, as demonstrated by the Saar
plebiscite.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Von
Ribbentrop remembered having once et the Holy Father at a reception in
Berlin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Holy Father replied he
remembered his stay in Germany with pleasure, that loved the German people,
that he knows and studies its culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Von
Ribbentrop remarked that Pope Pius XI had used excessively strong words against
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His Holiness pointed out to him
that he addressed kind and gentle words in a speech to a group of German
pilgrims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This – said von Ribbentrop –
was noted with pleasure in Germany. The Pope added that no more German pilgrims
were arriving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This Holiness recalled
also that he was careful in his Encyclical letter not to offend Germany,
although his calling obliged him to speak the truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He added that the small country, to which he
alluded in his Christmas address, was Finland (in Germany, on the other hand,
it had been identified with Poland).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Von
Ribbentrop brought Hitler’s greetings to the Holy Father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He insisted on telling the Pope that Germany
is very strong, that half the world is open to them that they can get all the
petrol they need from Rumania and that they will win the war before 1940. (4)
He gave this assurance without any trace of uncertainty. (5)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He repeated this more than once, raising his
voice and gesticulating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He added that
the entire nation – without exception – stands with Hitler. (6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Holy Father called his attention to the fact that, this being so, political
Catholicism is non-existent – everybody being on Hitler’s side, without
exception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Holy Father pointed out
that although he did not want to doubt Hitler and Ribbentrop’s intentions, the
facts were demonstrating that war was being waged against the Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he cited various positive and clear
exampled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Von Ribbentrop gesticulated
for a while … He replied that we are in the presence of a revolution and,
compared with others, the National Socialist revolution has not caused so much
damage to the Churches. To which the Pope replied that the damages, in fact,
have been many – and continued to bring forth examples.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Von
Ribbentrop pointed out that the State spends a lot on the clergy and the
Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
Pope replied that a lot has also been taken from the Church, houses,
educational institutions – chasing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">malo
modo</i> the rightful owners out of them at short notice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Holy Father has particularly insisted on
the subject of schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Von
Ribbentrop spoke at length against Communism, saying that National Socialism
has prevented the triumph of Communism in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During 1930-32 (when, von Ribbentrop says,
the Pope had already left Germany) Communism was on the verge of triumph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitler conquered it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Otherwise not one church would have remained
in Germany, as was the case in Russia, as Von Ribbentrop himself was able to
ascertain<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> de visu</i>. His Holiness
observed that it is impossible to say for certain what might have happened …
His Holiness then asked if Germany had nothing to fear from its union with
Communism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Von Ribbentrop replied in the
negative: the union is only an external one and for the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitler had declared to Welles: the goal of
the war for Germany is peace; for Britain, the destruction of Germany. (7) Replying
to the Pope, von Ribbentrop said that there must be an offensive. (8) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The
audience lasted from 11.00 to 12.10.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Pope says its tone was polite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Von Ribbentrop
started by saying that he would speak frankly and clearly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His Holiness assured him that he would do the
same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He suggested to him also to allow
the Holy See to send somebody to Poland to look after the religious situation,
for example, Monsignor Colli. (9)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">His
Holiness mentioned to me that von Ribbentrop notified the Italian government of
his return visit to Ciano only on the eve of the day he was going to see him.
(10) Apparently there has been some friction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">After
the audience the Holy Father received von Ribbentrop’s suite (seven people) to
whom he addressed a few words in German.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In
the antechamber people were saying that von Ribbentrop entered the Pope’s room
with a trouble and nervous face: he came out with a satisfied air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Let
us hope that German bad faith will not take advantage of this visit for its own
ends and that instead it will produce good fruits. (11)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
The audience began at 11.00 and ended at 12.10.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(2)
See ADSS 1.252<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(3)
The Saar region was 75% Catholic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(4)
Ribbentrop was referring to negotiations between Germany and Romania that
culminated with the 27.05.1940 agreement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Six months later Romania formally joined the Axis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(5)
Ribbentrop had brought a letter (written 10.03.1940) for Mussolini from Hitler
which confirmed that Italy would enter the war on Germany’s side. See DDI
Series 9, Volume 3, n492, pp415-23; DGFP Series 8, n668, pp871-80.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(6)
Robert Lieber, Pius’ private secretary recounted Ribbentrop’s near hysterical
response to any talk of peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When
he [the pope] spoke of the war and of peace, von Ribbentrop shouted:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>holiness, every conversation on this theme
must end with the sure assumption , that France, and not only France, but
Britain too, will beg Germany for peace during this year 1940.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Pius:
This may be your view; what does the Fuhrer think?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ribbentrop:
The Fuhrer and I know that this very year France and Britain will beg for
peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Pius:
But what do the German people say about that?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ribbentrop:
The German people are convinced that this year France and Britain will beg us
for peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Thereupon
the pope changed the subject. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Pius XII, Stimmen der Zeit
</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">163
(1958), pp 97-98.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(7)
See ADSS 1.252 n1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(8)
This was interpreted as a hint at German plans for the invasion of the West. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(9)
Carlo Colli (1888-1947), counsellor in the Berlin Nunciature 1931-45.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been secretary to the Polish
Nunciature 1925-31.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(10)
Galeazzo Ciano (1903-1944), Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs 1936-43.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diario</i>
I, pp233-35.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See Ribbentrop’s version of
events – DGFP, Series 8, n667, pp894-96.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(11)
Tardini’s notes can be compared with Ambassador Alfieri’s repost on what the
Pope told him about the visit (DDI, Series 9, Volume 3, n536, pp 466-68), with
Benjamin Sumner-Welle’s report, also received by the Pope a few days later (FRUS,
1940, Volume 1, pp 107-08) and with the note written or dictated by Ribbentop
in DGFP, Series 8, n668, pp 896-98.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950604783198695289.post-11666344884094913042016-12-25T20:10:00.000+11:002016-12-25T20:10:16.253+11:00ADSS 1.256 Orsenigo to Maglione: Ribbentrop's visit<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">ADSS 1.256 Cesare Orsenigo, Germany, to Luigi Maglione,
Sec Sate</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reference:
Telegram 375 (AES 2170/40)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Location
and date: Berlin, (received in Rome) 11.03.1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Summary
statement: Nuncio requests instructions regarding Ribbentrop’s return.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Language:
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Yesterday’s
coded message 165 received (1): according custom Foreign Minister must be met
at station on his return.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I ask Your
Eminence to give me instructions in this respect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(1)
ADSS 1.255.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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